Standard-probe measured curve
Describes the medium response for the stated probe and test conditions. It is not the surface or core curve of a production workpiece.
Carbon Equivalent (CE) Calculator
Assess weld cracking risk from steel chemical composition. Three industry-standard formulas — CE(IIW), Pcm, and CET — with interactive risk gauge and automatic formula recommendation.
CE(IIW)
=
C
+
Mn/6
+
(Cr+Mo+V)/5
+
(Ni+Cu)/15
IIW • C > 0.12% carbon & low-alloy steels
Pcm
=
C
+
Si/30
+
Mn/20
+
Cu/20
+
Ni/60
+
Cr/20
+
Mo/15
+
V/10
+
5B
Ito-Bessyo • C ≤ 0.12% low-carbon & pipeline steels
CET
=
C
+
(Mn+Mo)/10
+
(Cr+Cu)/20
+
Ni/40
ThyssenKrupp
Input Parameters
Composition (wt%)
Preset:
C
0.01 – 0.80
Mn
0 – 2.00
Si
0 – 1.50
Cr
0 – 3.00
Ni
0 – 4.00
Mo
0 – 1.50
Cu
0 – 1.00
V
0 – 0.50
B
0 – 0.005
Calculation Results
CE (IIW)
0.500
wt%
Pcm (Ito-Bessyo)
0.340
wt%
CET (ThyssenKrupp)
0.380
wt%
Weld Cracking Risk (CE(IIW) based)
0.0
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.8
1.0+
Fair — Some precautions needed
Moderate precautions. Preheat 100–200°C recommended.
Recommended: CE(IIW) (C = 0.20% > 0.12%)
Calculate DI from this Composition
References: CE(IIW): IIW Recommendation Doc. IX-536-67 · Pcm: Ito Y., Bessyo K. (1968) · CET: ThyssenKrupp Stahl AG
Risk thresholds based on AWS D1.1 and EN 1011-2. CE(IIW) not suitable for boron-containing steels; use Pcm instead.
Risk thresholds based on AWS D1.1 and EN 1011-2. CE(IIW) not suitable for boron-containing steels; use Pcm instead.
Data classification
Three data types must remain separate
Every curve and conclusion on this site is identified by how the data was obtained.
Software-predicted curve
Calculated from a stated model and inputs. It is a prediction, not measured production data.
Real-workpiece internal measured curve
Comes from internal points in the actual workpiece and is used to assess the real cooling process against post-quench hardness, microstructure and properties.
Unless explicitly identified and validated, one data type cannot be converted into or substituted for another.Read the technical method
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